the degree of CP violation in the leptonic sector (which may lead to leptogenesis).Research is intense in the hunt to elucidate the essential nature of neutrinos, with aspirations of finding: Neutrinos can be used for tomography of the interior of the earth. At the surface of the Earth, the flux is about 65 billion ( 6.5 ×10 10) solar neutrinos, per second per square centimeter. The majority of neutrinos which are detected about the Earth are from nuclear reactions inside the Sun. when cosmic rays or accelerated particle beams strike atoms.artificial nuclear reactions in nuclear reactors, nuclear bombs, or particle accelerators.natural nuclear reactions such as those that take place in the core of a star.beta decay of atomic nuclei or hadrons,.Neutrinos are created by various radioactive decays the following list is not exhaustive, but includes some of those processes: To conserve total lepton number (in nuclear beta decay), electron neutrinos only appear together with positrons (anti-electrons) or electron-antineutrinos, whereas electron antineutrinos only appear with electrons or electron neutrinos. Antineutrinos are distinguished from neutrinos by having opposite-signed lepton number and right-handed instead of left-handed chirality. įor each neutrino, there also exists a corresponding antiparticle, called an antineutrino, which also has spin of 1 / 2 and no electric charge. Although only differences between squares of the three mass values are known as of 2019, cosmological observations imply that the sum of the three masses (< 2.14 × 10 −37 kg) must be less than one millionth that of the electron mass (9.11 × 10 −31 kg). For example, an electron neutrino produced in a beta decay reaction may interact in a distant detector as a muon or tau neutrino. As a result, neutrinos oscillate between different flavors in flight. A neutrino created with a specific flavor has an associated specific quantum superposition of all three mass states. Although neutrinos were long believed to be massless, it is now known that there are three discrete neutrino masses with different tiny values, but they do not correspond uniquely to the three flavors. Τ), in association with the corresponding charged lepton. Weak interactions create neutrinos in one of three leptonic flavors: electron neutrinos ( Thus, neutrinos typically pass through normal matter unimpeded and undetected. The weak force has a very short range, the gravitational interaction is extremely weak, and neutrinos do not participate in the strong interaction.
The rest mass of the neutrino is much smaller than that of the other known elementary particles excluding massless particles.
The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small ( -ino) that it was long thought to be zero. < 0.120 eV ( < 2.14 × 10 −37 kg), 95% confidence level, sum of 3 "flavours" Ī neutrino ( / n uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ/ or / nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ/) (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with spin of 1 / 2) that interacts only via the weak interaction and gravity. Μ: Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger (1962)
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